甘松药材的薄层色谱研究

目的：建立一种实用、快速、有效的鉴别甘松的方法。方法：采用薄层色谱法,并比较不同部位。结果：建立的方法药材用量少,结果准确,操作简便、快速。结论：建立的方法可用于甘松的快速鉴别并区分其变种。     

The arterial Windkessel

Frank’s Windkessel model described the hemodynamics of the arterial system in terms of resistance and compliance. It explained aortic pressure decay in diastole, but fell short in systole. Therefore characteristic impedance was introduced as a third element of the Windkessel model. Characteristic impedance links the lumped Windkessel to transmission phenomena (e.g., wave travel). Windkessels are used as hydraulic load for isolated hearts and in studies of the entire circulation. Furthermore, they are used to estimate total arterial compliance from pressure and flow; several of these methods are reviewed. Windkessels describe the general features of the input impedance, with physiologically interpretable parameters. Since it is a lumped model it is not suitable for the assessment of spatially distributed phenomena and aspects of wave travel, but it is a simple and fairly accurate approximation of ventricular afterload. J.-W. Lankhaar is supported by a grant from the Netherlands Heart Foundation, the Hague, the Netherlands (NHS2003B274).     

液相色谱法测定小鼠脑组织中ATP、ADP及AMP含量

目的建立小鼠脑组织中腺苷酸含量测定的高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatogram,HPLC)-可变波长检测法。方法应用酸沉淀蛋白、Agilent1200高效液相色谱系统、Supelco Discovery C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)反相色谱柱及相同填充材料的预柱,对小鼠脑组织样品中腺苷酸进行分离分析,波长为254 nm,流动相为30 mmol/L K2HPO4-KH2PO4(含5%甲醇),pH5.85,流速为1.0 mL/min,进样体积为20μL,柱温为30℃。结果腺苷酸ATP、ADP及AMP在10～100 mg/L范围,线性关系良好,线性方程为ATP:A=28.924C+14.144,γ=0.999 90;ADP:A=31.504C-12.608,γ=0.999 92;AMP:A=46.539C-5.255,γ=0.999 95。平均回收率为95.3%～103.2%;日内和日间相对标准差(RSD)分别为1.14%～1.75%、2.45%～3.97%。结论高效液相色谱-可变波长检测法可以简便、准确、有效地测定急性重复低氧小鼠脑组织中ATP、ADP和AMP的含量。     

艾灸的特点及温通效应

分析艾灸在施灸部位所造成的温热刺激以及炎性化脓现象,指出由于艾火的刺激,才造就了灸法疏通气血的效应特征.认为“温通”是对灸法效应的高度概括,灸法散寒通络、透热泄毒、扶助正气、防病保健等作用都离不开艾火疏通气血的效应特征,因此“温通”是艾灸与生俱来的本质与灵魂.     

鄞州区2005-2006年急诊室外来人口伤害特征分析

目的了解鄞州区内急诊室外来人口伤害发生特征及分析其原因,为该人群伤害预防提供科学依据。方法分层抽取3家哨点医院,对急诊室伤害就诊病例情况进行统一登记,建立数据库后,对数据进行统计分析。结果共监测急诊室外来人口伤害病例6431例,男女比为3:1。意外伤害占79.4%(5106例),自伤占2.4%(152例),他人故意伤害占18.2%(1173例),所有伤害中死亡15人,死亡率为0.2%。伤害发生的主要原因依次为钝器伤、跌或坠落伤、刺或割伤、交通伤,分别占33.2%、23.4%、19.8%、15.5%。饮酒和工厂做工是伤害发生的重要危险因素。结论外来人口急诊室伤害发生严重,应加强健康宣教和针对重要危险因素实施干预措施。     

1992—2006年郴州市梅毒流行特征分析

目的分析1992-2006年郴州市梅毒流行特征,为预防和控制梅毒提供科学依据。方法利用郴州市1992—2006年梅毒疫情资料进行描述性研究分析。结果郴州市1992．2006年梅毒年均发病率为0．65／10万,梅毒发病率从1992年的0．05／10万上升至2006年的4．52／10万,各县（市、区）年均发病率差异有统计学意义（X2=245．96,P〈0．01）;发病主要集中在20～39岁年龄段,占总发病数的57．24％,男、女年均发病率差异无统计学意义（X2=0．24,P〉0．05）;职业主要为农民、商务人员和工人,分别占总发病数的42．30％、10．11％和7．36％。结论郴州市梅毒发病率呈快速增长趋势。应加强健康教育,提倡安全性行为,加强对高危人群的监测,加强医疗消毒,以有效控制梅毒的流行。     

刺梨特征图谱及质量标准研究

目的 制定刺梨药材质量标准,用于刺梨的生产、监督、流通及使用等各环节的质量控制。方法 参照《中国药典》通用检测方法及相关指导原则分别制定刺梨的水分、总灰分、浸出物限度;采用特征图谱以及薄层色谱法控制刺梨整体质量。结果 刺梨特征图谱中应呈现6个特征峰,并应与对照药材参照物色谱峰中的5个特征峰保留时间相对应,另有1峰应与加入的异槲皮苷对照品参照物峰保留时间相对应。水分不得过14.0%,总灰分不得过5.0%,醇溶性浸出物不少于20.0%。结论 实验所建立的刺梨质量标准符合国家有关中药质量标准制定要求,能够以标准的形式对刺梨的质量进行控制。     

中药配方颗粒质量标准薄层鉴别与液相指纹图谱/特征图谱研究现状及对照提取物应用可行性探讨

中药配方颗粒是以饮片为原料,经现代生产工艺提取、浓缩、干燥、制粒得到的单味颗粒剂,其成品已经失去了原有饮片的性状和显微特征,故而有必要使用薄层色谱、指纹图谱/特征图谱、浸出物、含量测定等方法对其进行内在质量控制。本文在参考各官方发文、国家配方颗粒质量标准、各省区配方颗粒地方标准以及近年来关于配方颗粒质量标准的文献等基础上,重点对于配方颗粒标准中薄层鉴别和指纹图谱/特征图谱的应用情况进行综述讨论,针对现行标准的先进性和待完善的内容进行探讨,并针对配方颗粒对照提取物应用的可行性进行实例分析和探讨。     

Corydalis Rhizoma as a model for herb-derived trace metabolites exploration: A cross-mapping strategy involving multiple doses and samples

Deciphering the metabolites of multiple components in herbal medicine has far-reaching significance for revealing pharmacodynamic ingredients. However, most chemical components of herbal medicine are secondary metabolites with low content whose in vivo metabolites are close to trace amounts, making it difficult to achieve comprehensive detection and identification. In this paper, an efficient strategy was proposed: herb-derived metabolites were predicted according to the structural characteristics and metabolic reactions of chemical constituents in Corydalis Rhizoma and chemical structure screening tables for metabolites were conducted. The fragmentation patterns were summarized from representative standards combining with specific cleavage behaviors to deduce structures of metabolites. Ion abundance plays an important role in compound identification, and high ion abundance can improve identification accuracy. The types of metabolites in different biological samples were very similar, but their ion abundance might be different. Therefore, for trace metabolites in biological samples, we used the following two methods to process: metabolites of high dose herbal extract were analyzed to characterize those of clinical dose herbal extracts in the same biological samples; cross-mapping of different biological samples was applied to identify trace metabolites based on the fact that a metabolite has different ion abundance in different biological samples. Compared with not using this strategy, 44 more metabolites of clinical dose herbal extract were detected. This study improved the depth, breadth, and accuracy of current methods for herb-derived metabolites characterization.     

Quantitation of UGT1A1 in human liver microsomes using stable isotope-labelled peptides and mass spectrometry based proteomic approaches

1.?UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are a group of drug-metabolizing enzymes that catalyse the conjugation of endogeonous compounds and xenobiotics to yield hydrophilic glucuronides which subsequently undergo excretion. This report describes an approach for the identification and accurate quantitation of human UGT1A1 in complex biological matrices using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of protein digests.

2.?A stable isotope-labelled (SIL) peptide of a unique peptide spanning residues 54–69 in exon 1 of the human UGT1A1 protein with the sequence RIYLSADPALVVIEHG was synthesized. The peptide sequence synthesized was in the reverse order of the human peptide with the stable isotope-labels in the amino acid arginine (¹³C₆¹⁵N₄) resulting in an increase in the mass of the SIL peptide of 10 amu, from 1753 to 1763. The SIL peptide was quantitated by injecting increasing concentrations of the peptide into the LC-MS to obtain a standard curve.

3.?The labelled peptide along with precursor ion monitoring was used to quantify the levels of UGT1A1 in commercial recombinant preparations (supersomes) and individual human liver microsomal samples and pooled human liver micrsomes obtained from BD Biosciences.

4.?Glucuronidation activity studies were performed, which demonstrated a positive correlation between enzyme activity levels and the UGT1A1 content in the liver microsomes obtained from individual human donors.