尤溪县间日疟38年统计资料分析

本文对单纯间日疟低度流行不稳定疟区的尤溪县38年统计资料进行了分析。提出并讨论了发病高峰、季节变动、地区分布、年龄性别构成、职业构成,主要症状特点、初诊与确诊关系、流动人口与传疟关系和传疟媒介等方面的特点。这对制定疟疾后期监测与管理方法和技术措施,以实现基本消灭疟疾的目标有一定的参考价值。     

儿童意外伤害与心理行为关系分析

意外伤害使儿童，青少年早死或残疾，给家庭和社会带来巨大负担，为了解儿童意外伤害与心理行为关系，采取分层整群随体机抽样的方法，对武汉市部分城区儿童意外伤害的发生情况展开了现场调查研究，结果显示，儿童行为特征，心理发展因素与儿童意外伤害的发生存在明显相关，提示应重视加强对儿童有针对性的心理健康教育及安全训练，预防和控制儿童意外伤害的发生。     

汕头地区传染性非典型肺炎研究

目的 :探讨传染性非典型肺炎 (IAP)的流行病学、临床特点、病原学检查及预后。方法 :根据中国卫生部IAP临床诊断标准。采用间接免疫荧光法检测抗冠状病毒IgG。分析本组 (8例 )病例特点 ,患者均有密切接触史 ,潜伏期 1～10天 ;均发热 ,且热型多不规则。胸片特点 :本组肺部均出现片状或斑片状炎症阴影。常规予广谱抗生素、利巴韦林抗病毒以及免疫球蛋白、生物反应调节剂胸腺肽等治疗无效 ,予甲基强的松龙治疗有效。结果 :本组均符合IAP临床诊断标准。 7例存活者于半个月～ 2个月内肺部炎症阴影均完全吸收。 1例死于呼吸衰竭。住院时间 14～ 4 4天 ,平均 (2 8 9± 13 7)天。 3例抗冠状病毒IgG阳性 ,且恢复期的抗体滴度比急性期增高 4倍以上。结论 :IAP是一种传染性极强的疾病。本组以近距离传播为主 ,具有家族局部爆发流行的特点。以发热为主要表现 ,热程多在 14天左右 ,重症者可长达 30多天。该疾病侵犯多个肺叶 ,及肺部以外的其他器官。激素可以促使肺部炎症的吸收。病原体是冠状病毒     

Comparison of the APACHE III, APACHE II and Glasgow Coma Scale in acute head injury for prediction of mortality and functional outcome

Objectives: This study examines the efficacy of the predicting power for hospital mortality and functional outcome of three different scoring systems for head injury in a neurosurgical intensive care unit (NICU). Design: On the day of admission, data were collected from each patient to compute the Acute Physiology, Age, and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II and III, and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores. Hospital mortality was defined as the deaths of patients before discharge from hospital. Early mortality was defined as death before the 14th day after admission. Late mortality was defined as death after the 15th day from admission. Functional outcome was evaluated by Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living (Index of ADL). Setting: An 8-bed NICU in a 1270-bed medical center in Taichung Veterans General Hospital. Patients and participants: Two hundred non-selected patients with acute head injury were included in our study in a consecutive period of 2 years. Patients less than 14 years old were not included. Interventions: None. Measurements and results: Sensitivity, specificity and correct prediction outcome were measured by the chi-square method in three scoring systems. The Youden index was also obtained. The best cut-off point in each scoring system was determined by the Youden index. The difference in Youden index was calculated by Z score. A difference was also considered if the probability value was less than 0.05. The area under Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was computed. Then the area under ROC of each scoring system was compared by Z score. There was statistical significance if p was less than 0.05. For prediction of hospital mortality, the best cut-off points are 55 for APACHE III, 17 for APACHE II and 5 for GCS. The correct prediction outcome is 82.4% in APACHE III, 78.4% in APACHE II and 81.9% in the GCS. The Youden index has best cut-off points at 0.68 for APACHE III, 0.59 for APACHE II, and 0.56 for GCS. The area under Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve is 0.90 in the APACHE III, 0.84 in the APACHE II and 0.86 in the GCS. There are no statistical differences among APACHE III and II, and GCS in terms of correct prediction outcome, Youden Index and the area under the ROC curve. Other physiological variables excluding GCS in APACHE III and II (AP III-GCS, AP II-GCS) have less statistical value in the determination of mortality for acute head injury. For the prediction of late mortality, APACHE III and II yield significantly better results in the area under the ROC curve, correct prediction and Youden index than those of GCS. Other physiological variables (AP III-GCS and AP II-GCS) play an important role in the prediction of late mortality in APACHE scores. For prediction of the functional outcome of surviving patients with acute head injury, the APACHE III yields the best results of correct prediction outcome, Youden index and the area under the ROC curve. Conclusion: The APACHE III and II may not replace the role of GCS in cases of acute head injury for hospital or early mortality assessment. But for prediction of the late mortality, the APACHE III and II have better accuracy than GCS. Other physiological variables excluding GCS in the APACHE system play a crucial contribution for late mortality. GCS is simple, less time-consuming and economical for patients with acute head injury for the prediction of hospital and early mortality. The APACHE III provides better prediction for severe morbidity than GCS and APACHE II. Therefore, the APACHE III provides a good assessment not only for hospital and late mortality, but also for functional outcome. Received: 22 May 1995 Accepted: 2 September 1996     

老年急性白血病的临床特点与疗效观察

目的：研究老年急性白血病的临床特征，寻求治疗老年急性白血病的有效策略，提高老年急性白血病患者的生活质量。方法：回顾性分析69例老年急性白血病的临床表现，实验室检查特征和不同化疗方案的疗效。结果：联合化疗35例，总完全缓解（CR）率42．9％（15／35），其中急性非淋巴细胞性白血病（ANLL）26例，CR率42．3％（11／26）；急性淋巴细胞性白血病（ALL）9例，CR率44．4％（4／9）。小剂量阿糖胞苷（Ara-C)或三尖杉脂碱（H）化疗18例，CR率22．2％（4／18）。全反式维甲酸（ATRA）治疗4例，4例CR。姑息治疗12例。结论：老年急性白血病临床上有其特殊性，对化疗反应差，CR率低。对老年急性白血病应选择积极、合理、个体化的化疗方案，并进行综合治疗，有利于提高老年急性白血病的疗效。     

评价酶联免疫检测血清CYFRA21—1对非小细胞肺癌的诊断价值

目的评价检测ＣＹＦＲＡ２１┐１对非小细胞肺癌的诊断价值。方法用ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定７０例肺癌（ＬＣ）其中４７例非小细胞肺癌（ＮＳＣＬＣ），３例小细胞肺癌（ＳＣＬＣ）和２０例未分型肺癌、６４例肺部良性疾病患者及４０例健康人血清ＣＹＦＲＡ２１┐１浓度。试验的诊断性能用相对操作特征（ＲＯＣ）分析法估测之。结果测得全阈诊断准确率（ＯｖｅｒａｌＤｉａｇ┐ｎｏｓｔｉｃＡｃｃｕｒａｃｉｅｓ）ＬＣ为０．７５、ＮＳＣＬＣ为０．７６，ＳＱＣ为０．８３，ＡＤＥ为０．６７和ＳＣＬＣ为０．３８。在相应于特异性为０．９５的界定值３．４７μｇ／Ｌ处，各型的灵敏度分别为ＳＱＣ０．６２，ＬＣ０．５３，ＮＳＣＬＣ０．５１，ＡＤＥ０．４８和ＳＣＬＣ０．００。结论结果显示ＣＹＦＲＡ２１┐１是ＮＳＣＬＣ较灵敏和特异的一个标志物。未观察到ＴＮＭ各期间该标志物的平均水平有明显的差异；然而异常升高水平的患者的比例随病期的进展而显著增加，提示一系列检测ＣＹＦＲＡ２１┐１水平可能有助于监查ＮＳＣＬＣ患者的疗效。     

皂角刺饮片与标准汤剂量值传递规律研究

目的:研究皂角刺饮片到标准汤剂的量值传递规律。方法:采用18批皂角刺饮片制备标准汤剂,测定18批皂角刺标准汤剂的出膏率、浸出物含量,建立18批皂角刺饮片和标准汤剂超高效液相色谱特征图谱,采用高分辨质谱对特征峰进行成分鉴定,建立皂角刺饮片和标准汤剂中指标性成分东莨菪内酯和花旗松素的含量测定方法,以出膏率、浸出物含量、指标性成分含量、转移率、特征图谱为指标,研究饮片到标准汤剂的量值传递规律。结果:18批标准汤剂出膏率为3.66%~5.99%,浸出物质量分数为33.38%~47.62%,饮片特征图谱共标定8个特征峰,均能传递到标准汤剂中,并指认出其中6个成分,饮片与标准汤剂对照特征图谱的相似度>0.90,特征图谱可作为共性质量特征用于皂角刺的鉴别和质量控制。指标性成分东莨菪内酯和花旗松素的平均转移率分别为67.32%、24.10%。结论:可为皂角刺药材及其制剂质量标准的提高、皂角刺配方颗粒国家标准的制定提供参考。     

红药片HPLC特征图谱及多成分含量测定

目的 建立红药片的高效液相色谱法（HPLC）特征图谱,并对三七皂苷R₁、人参皂苷Rg₁、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rb₁、人参皂苷Rd进行含量测定。方法 红药片经80%甲醇超声提取,采用Waters XBridge Shield RP C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,以乙腈-0.05%磷酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.8 mL·min^–1,柱温为30 ℃,检测波长为203 nm。结果 通过对10个厂家红药片的HPLC特征图谱进行研究,标记并确认了其中9个共有特征峰,分别为阿魏酸、三七皂苷R₁、人参皂苷Rg₁、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rb₁、人参皂苷Rd、正丁基苯肽、欧前胡素及异欧前胡素,利用相似度评价软件对各批样品特征图谱进行分析,相似度均在0.90以上。在建立的色谱条件下对其中5个主要成分进行测定,各组分间分离度良好,在各自范围内线性关系良好,回收率为94.70%~98.55%,RSD均小于3.0%。结论 所建立的红药片HPLC特征图谱和定量测定分析方法可全面有效地评价其质量。     

基于UPLC对龙血通络胶囊特征图谱及5个成分含量的测定

目的 建立龙血通络胶囊超高效液相色谱法（UPLC）特征图谱,并测定7,4′-二羟基黄酮、4,4′-二羟基-2,6-二甲氧基二氢查耳酮、龙血素A、龙血素B、紫檀芪5个成分的含量。方法 采用Agilent Infinity Lab Poroshell 120 EC-C₁₈色谱柱（150 mm×3.0 mm,2.7 μm）,以乙腈（A）-0.1%磷酸水溶液（B）为流动相梯度洗脱,柱温为35 ℃,流速为0.5 mL·min^–1,进样体积为2 μL,检测波长为280 nm。结果 建立了龙血通络胶囊UPLC特征图谱,标定了13批样品中的11个共有特征峰,相似度均大于0.95。5个成分在相应质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系（r>0.999 5）,加样回收率为97.93%~107.33%,RSD均小于3.0%。结论 建立的UPLC操作简便、高效准确,可为龙血通络胶囊的质量控制提供参考。     

经典名方甘草泻心汤基准样品的量值传递研究

目的 建立经典名方甘草泻心汤（Gancao Xiexin Decoction,GXD）基准样品的HPLC图谱及指标性成分含量测定方法,研究GXD基准样品量值传递规律。方法 制备15批GXD基准样品,建立特征图谱并选用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价》软件进行相似度评价,明确特征峰并对其进行归属。测定指标性成分甘草苷、甘草酸、黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱、表小檗碱、黄连碱、巴马汀的含量,计算指标成分转移率,分析指标成分在饮片-基准样品中量值传递的规律。结果 15批GXD基准样品指纹图谱相似度均大于0.90,共指认22个共有峰,甘草5个、黄芩5个、甘草和黄芩共有3个、黄连6个、黄芩和黄连共有2个、干姜1个;各指标成分从药材-饮片平均转移率分别为98.69%、98.13%、96.94%、94.59%、91.76%、88.08%、94.16%;饮片-基准样品平均转移率为49.08%、42.24%、28.34%、26.72%、29.32%、33.62%、47.93%。结论 特征图谱与多指标成分含量测定方法相结合,对GXD药材-饮片-基准样品的量值传递过程进行分析研究,为经典名方GXD制剂开发提供参考。